Stimulants tend to work fast within 30 minutes to 2 hours. It depends on the ADHD medication that has been prescribed and the type of formulation. Modafinil (Provigil) and armodafinil (Nuvigil) are in another class of medications that is approved for narcolepsy however, it has been used off-label in pediatrics to manage ADHD only if first- and second-line treatments have failed, and benefits outweigh risk.¹ Side effects of bupropion include:īupropion is available in immediate and extended-release forms, and it is important to not use multiple formulations at the same time. Side effects of bupropion are usually mild and can be reduced by dividing doses. Bupropion inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine but does not have risk of abuse like with stimulants. There are similar side effects reported with atomoxetine and viloxazine, which are:ĭesipramine may have some effects on the heart and may cause sudden death, which makes it the least preferred option.īupropion is another antidepressant that is approved for depression and smoking cessation but has been used off-label to treat ADHD in adults. The side effect profile may vary depending on the specific medication used. Side Effects of Non-Stimulant ADHD Medications They can be used alone or in combination with stimulants. Guanfacine and clonidine are medications used for blood pressure management but have shown benefit in ADHD and are marketed as long-acting non-simulants. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree)Ĭentral alpha 2 receptor agonists: guanfacine ER (Intuniv) and clonidine ER (Kapvay) Non-stimulants have demonstrated good results in treating ADHD but are considered second-line treatment options if stimulants are not working well or prescribers are concerned about abuse potential or other pertinent health conditions.īefore trying non-stimulant medication, experts recommend adding behavioral therapy to your treatment plan. Over time dosage adjustments should be expected due to factors like side effects, hormonal changes, and increased tolerance to the dose. Serious cardiac-related events-or even death-can result in patients with heart issues.Īccording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), stimulant medications can lead to substance use disorder, so it’s important to take them as prescribed. Heart rate and blood pressure must be monitored before starting stimulant medication, as these drugs can impact the heart. Stimulants may worsen pre-existing bipolar disorder and can increase seizure risk. Loss of appetite-a concern in children as it may decrease growth Methylphenidate formulations tend to be used first as they have fewer side effects. However, long-acting medications have lower potential for abuse or sharing with others, and may even improve adherence. The side effect profile is similar among short-, intermediate-, and long-acting stimulants. Intermediate stimulants include methylphenidate sustained release (Metadate ER, Methylin ER, Ritalin ER, and Ritalin SR). Orally disintegrating tablet (Cotempla XR-ODT, Adzenys XR-ODT) Suspension/liquid (Quillivant XR, Dayanavel XR, Adzenys ER)Ĭapsule with contents that can be sprinkled on applesauce (Focalin XR, Ritalin LA, Aptensio XR and Adderall XR) or powder contents that can be mixed in water or yogurt (Vyvanse) There are multiple options of long-acting stimulants such as: They may start working shortly after administration and have a delayed dose effect that makes the medication effective for a longer period, around eight to 16 hours. They have an immediate effect and a delayed effect. Short-acting stimulants include:Īmphetamines (Dexedrine, ProCentra, Zenzedi, Desoxyn, Adderall, Evekeo) Short-acting stimulants are medications that start working within 30 to 45 minutes after taking, and the effect usually lasts about three to six hours.
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